A review of conflict detection and resolution modeling methods

A number of methods have been proposed to automate air traffic conflict detection and resolution (CD&R), but there has been little cohesive discussion or comparative evaluation of approaches. This paper presents a survey of 68 recent CD&R modeling methods, several of which are currently in use or under operational evaluation. A framework that articulates the basic functions of CD&R is used to categorize the models. The taxonomy includes: dimensions of state information (vertical, horizontal, or three-dimensional); method of dynamic state propagation (nominal, worst-case, or probabilistic); conflict detection threshold; conflict resolution method (prescribed, optimized, force field, or manual); maneuvering dimensions (speed change, lateral, vertical, or combined maneuvers); and management of multiple aircraft conflicts (pairwise or global). An overview of important considerations for these and other CD&R functions is provided, and the current system design process is critiqued.